The State of Decarbonization: Progress in US Commercial Building 2023 report is a first-of-its-kind update on the U.S. commercial building industry’s progress on decarbonization. Released at COP28 by the US Green Building Council (USGBC) in partnership with ARUP, the landmark report’s analysis provides a national look at where the U.S. is relative to the greenhouse gas reduction goals set by the Paris Agreement.

The good news? U.S. buildings are on average 26 percent more energy efficient than they were in 1990, using 37 percent less carbon per square foot. 

The bad news? The progress in energy efficiency is entirely canceled out by the development of new buildings and their additional carbon emissions. 

The overarching call for action is clear: All new buildings need to be near carbon-neutral and existing buildings need deep-energy retrofits across all building types and regions. 

Success to scale: Heat pump installations

2022 was the first year that heat pumps outsold gas furnaces, and new research in 2023 showed that replacing a gas furnace with a heat pump could reduce climate pollution by up to 93 percent in each of the 48 continental states. Heat pumps are a proven success at lowering carbon emissions, but they are not yet adopted at scale. Over two-thirds of buildings still use fossil fuels for heating. 

The opportunity to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by scaling the adoption of heat pumps is huge. According to the USGBC report, upgrading heating and cooling systems in existing buildings rather than building new "will save both 94 percent embodied emissions and 31 percent operational emissions due to increased system efficiency for a total of 61 percent reduction in emissions." 

Opportunity to leverage: IRA utilization

Funding and resources contained in the 2022 Inflation Reduction Act "are projected to reduce U.S. greenhouse gas emissions by 20 percent below a non-IRA scenario by 2035," the USGBC report found. However this projection only becomes a reality if the building industry uses the funding programs; in fact, with high participation "the law could enable the building sector to meet its proportional share of the U.S. Paris target early, by 2029," the report found. 

But currently money is being left on the table for building owners and developers to receive if they apply (even retroactively for completed projects), said Linda Toth, one of the main authors for the USGBC report.

For example, the 179D Commercial Buildings Energy-Efficiency Tax Deduction has almost tripled under the IRA, going from $1.80 to $5 per square foot. 179D alone could provide tax savings of $66 billion for energy efficiency retrofits to existing buildings. That is equivalent to about 35 percent of the money spent on building renovations in 2022. 

Two other large pots of money that will become available in 2024 are the EPA Climate Pollution Reduction Grants and EPA Greenhouse Gas Reduction Fund which together total $25 billion in funding. 

Problem to solve: Empty offices

Over $1.5 trillion in U.S. commercial real estate debt is expected to mature in 20