Salesforce has committed $25 million to Frontier, a corporate buyers group founded by Alphabet, Meta, Shopify and Stripe that pledged $1 billion by 2030 for carbon removal purchases.

The move, announced June 18, is part of a promise Salesforce made in May 2022 to spend $100 million on carbon removal contracts by the end of this decade when it joined another buyers group, the First Movers Coalition. 

Salesforce is working on carbon removal deals of its own, but joining Frontier will accelerate a "steep, steep learning curve" when it comes to evaluating approaches, said Jamila Yamani, director of climate and energy for the San Francisco-based company. Salesforce started matching its energy consumption with renewables more than a decade ago largely through virtual power purchase agreements that generate renewable energy credits. The company ultimately wants to be able to measure its impact beyond tons sequestered and to model the trajectory of cost decreases over time.

"It took us two years to learn what our money should be doing," Yamani said.

The power of corporate buying signals

Frontier and First Movers Coalition use advance market commitments to finance new climate tech and to encourage corporations to buy credits for CO2 removal through nature-based and engineered methods. The commitments help startups raise financing and scale commercially. Frontier prioritizes "permanent" carbon removal approaches that store CO2 for at least 1,000 years; First Movers Coalition supports low-carbon approaches to steel, cement, aluminum, chemicals, shipping, aviation and trucking.

Salesforce co-founded a third advance market commitment related to nature restoration, the Symbiosis Coalition, on May 22 in collaboration with Google, Meta and Microsoft. The four companies have pledged to contract for up to 20 million tons of carbon removal credits by 2030. They plan to  issue a call for applications later this year. Eligible projects will focus on afforestation, reforestation and revegetation (including agroforestry). 

To hold global temperature increases below 1.5 degrees Celsius, climate scientists estimate we’ll need to remove at least 10 gigatons of CO2 annually by 2030. The current methods available fall far short of that. "We need many different approaches to get to gigaton scale," said Julio Friedmann, chief scientist for Carbon Direct, which brokers carbon removal contracts. 

Carbon removal by sea, air and rock

Frontier is seeking applications for a fourth cohort of carbon removal companies. The group has signed $288 million in contracts to remove 510,203 metric tons of carbon dioxide. One of Frontier’s biggest contracts to date is with Lithos Carbon, which removes carbon dioxide by spreading crushed rock on soil. It also has deals with Heirloom, CarbonCapture and Charm Industrial.

Frontier’s latest round of contracts fo